📊 Syllabus Overview
11
Major Topics
2
Sections
100+
Subtopics
6
Core Areas
📈 Topic Distribution
🧠 Course Mind Map
mindmap
root((CS/IT Syllabus))
Section A
Database Concepts
Relational Model
Keys
Algebra
SQL I
DDL/DML/DQL
MySQL
Functions
SQL II
Aggregate
Joins
Grouping
Networks
LAN/MAN/WAN
Devices
Topologies
Section B
Python
Exception Handling
File Handling
Data Structures
Stack
Queue
Algorithms
Searching
Sorting
Advanced Topics
Data Analysis
Security
Communication
📚 Section A - Core Topics
1️⃣ Database Concepts
Database- Database vs File System
- Relational Data Model
- Domain, Tuple, Relation
- Keys (Primary, Foreign, Candidate, Alternate)
- Relational Algebra Operations
2️⃣ SQL Fundamentals
SQL- DDL, DML, DQL Categories
- MySQL Database Creation
- Data Types & Table Operations
- SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
- Math & Text Functions
3️⃣ Advanced SQL
SQL- Date Functions
- Aggregate Functions (MAX, MIN, AVG, SUM, COUNT)
- GROUP BY & HAVING
- ORDER BY Clause
- JOIN Operations
4️⃣ Computer Networks
Networking- LAN, MAN, WAN
- Network Devices (Router, Switch, Hub)
- Topologies (Mesh, Ring, Bus, Star, Tree)
- MAC & IP Addresses
- Internet vs Web
🔑 Database Keys - Visual Guide
| Key Type | Definition | Uniqueness | NULL Allowed | Quantity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Candidate Key | Minimal set of attributes that uniquely identify a tuple | ✅ Unique | ❌ No | Multiple |
| Primary Key | Selected candidate key to uniquely identify records | ✅ Unique | ❌ No | One per table |
| Alternate Key | Candidate keys not chosen as primary key | ✅ Unique | ❌ No | Multiple |
| Foreign Key | References primary key of another table | ❌ Can repeat | ✅ Yes | Multiple |
⚡ SQL Functions Category
🌐 Network Topologies Flow
graph TD
A[Network Topologies] --> B[Star Topology]
A --> C[Bus Topology]
A --> D[Ring Topology]
A --> E[Mesh Topology]
A --> F[Tree Topology]
B --> B1[Central Hub/Switch]
B --> B2[Easy to Add Devices]
B --> B3[Hub Failure = Network Down]
C --> C1[Single Cable Backbone]
C --> C2[Easy to Implement]
C --> C3[Cable Break = Network Down]
D --> D1[Circular Connection]
D --> D2[Data Travels One Direction]
D --> D3[One Break = Network Down]
E --> E1[Every Device Connected]
E --> E2[Highly Reliable]
E --> E3[Expensive & Complex]
F --> F1[Hierarchical Structure]
F --> F2[Combines Star & Bus]
F --> F3[Scalable]
style A fill:#667eea,stroke:#333,stroke-width:4px,color:#fff
style B fill:#f093fb,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
style C fill:#4facfe,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
style D fill:#43e97b,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
style E fill:#fa709a,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
style F fill:#764ba2,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px
💻 Section B - Computer Science
🐍 Python Programming
Python- Exception Handling (Try-Except-Finally)
- User-defined Exceptions
- Text File Operations
- Binary File Operations
- Pickle Module
📚 Data Structures
DS- Stack (LIFO) - Push/Pop
- Queue (FIFO) - Insert/Delete
- Double-ended Queue (DQueue)
- Expression Evaluation
- Infix to Postfix Conversion
🔍 Searching Algorithms
Algorithms- Sequential Search
- Binary Search
- Best/Worst/Average Case Analysis
- Time Complexity
- Python Implementation
🔄 Sorting Algorithms
Algorithms- Bubble Sort
- Selection Sort
- Insertion Sort
- Complexity Analysis
- Hashing & Collision Resolution
📊 Data Analysis
Statistics- Data Collection & Organization
- Mean, Median
- Standard Deviation
- Variance
- Data Interpretation
🔐 Security
Security- Viruses, Worms, Trojan
- Firewall Protection
- HTTP vs HTTPS
- DoS Attacks
- Antivirus Working
📊 Stack vs Queue Comparison
📚 Stack (LIFO)
- ✅ Last In First Out
- ✅ Operations: PUSH, POP
- ✅ Top pointer only
- ✅ Used in: Expression evaluation, Recursion, Undo operations
- ✅ Example: Stack of plates
📋 Queue (FIFO)
- ✅ First In First Out
- ✅ Operations: INSERT, DELETE
- ✅ Front & Rear pointers
- ✅ Used in: Task scheduling, Print queue, BFS
- ✅ Example: Line of people
⏱️ Sorting Algorithm Time Complexity
| Algorithm | Best Case | Average Case | Worst Case | Space Complexity | Stable |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bubble Sort | O(n) | O(n²) | O(n²) | O(1) | ✅ Yes |
| Selection Sort | O(n²) | O(n²) | O(n²) | O(1) | ❌ No |
| Insertion Sort | O(n) | O(n²) | O(n²) | O(1) | ✅ Yes |
📡 Data Communication Media
graph LR
A[Communication Media] --> B[Wired Technologies]
A --> C[Wireless Technologies]
B --> B1[Twisted Pair Cable]
B --> B2[Co-axial Cable]
B --> B3[Ethernet Cable]
B --> B4[Optical Fibre]
C --> C1[Bluetooth]
C --> C2[WLAN]
C --> C3[Infrared]
C --> C4[Microwave]
C --> C5[Mobile Telecom]
style A fill:#667eea,stroke:#333,stroke-width:4px,color:#fff
style B fill:#43e97b,stroke:#333,stroke-width:3px
style C fill:#f093fb,stroke:#333,stroke-width:3px
🛡️ Security Threats & Prevention
🗺️ Suggested Learning Path
Phase 1: Fundamentals (Weeks 1-3)
Start with Database Concepts, understand relational models, keys, and basic SQL operations. Practice creating databases and tables.
Phase 2: SQL Mastery (Weeks 4-6)
Deep dive into SQL functions, aggregate operations, JOINs, and complex queries. Practice with real datasets.
Phase 3: Python & Data Structures (Weeks 7-9)
Learn Python exception handling, file operations, implement Stack and Queue data structures.
Phase 4: Algorithms (Weeks 10-12)
Master searching and sorting algorithms, analyze time complexity, implement in Python.
Phase 5: Networking (Weeks 13-15)
Study computer networks, topologies, communication media, and protocols.
Phase 6: Advanced Topics (Weeks 16-18)
Cover data analysis, security threats, and prepare for comprehensive review.
🔌 Network Devices Overview
| Device | OSI Layer | Function | Use Case |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modem | Physical | Modulates/Demodulates signals | Connecting to Internet |
| Repeater | Physical | Regenerates signals | Extending network range |
| Hub | Physical | Broadcasts to all ports | Simple network connection |
| Switch | Data Link | Intelligent packet forwarding | LAN connections |
| Router | Network | Routes packets between networks | Connecting networks |
| Gateway | All Layers | Protocol conversion | Connecting different networks |
📋 Network Protocols
HTTP
HyperText Transfer Protocol
Used for web browsing, transmits web pages
🔓 Not encrypted
HTTPS
HTTP Secure
Encrypted version of HTTP
🔐 Uses SSL/TLS
FTP
File Transfer Protocol
Used for file transfers
📁 Port 20, 21
IP
Internet Protocol
Addressing and routing
🌐 IPv4/IPv6
📶 Bandwidth & Data Transfer Rate
Bandwidth (Frequency)
- 🔹 Hz - Hertz
- 🔹 KHz - Kilohertz (10³)
- 🔹 MHz - Megahertz (10⁶)
- 🔹 GHz - Gigahertz (10⁹)
Data Transfer Rate
- 🔸 bps - bits per second
- 🔸 Kbps - Kilobits per second
- 🔸 Mbps - Megabits per second
- 🔸 Gbps - Gigabits per second
- 🔸 Tbps - Terabits per second
⚡ Quick Reference Guide
Database vs File System
Database: Organized, reduced redundancy, data integrity, concurrent access, security
File System: Simple, redundant data, no data integrity, limited access control
Internet vs Web
Internet: Global network infrastructure connecting millions of computers
Web: Service that operates over Internet using HTTP protocol (WWW)